Dados do Trabalho

Título

WHAT DO WE CURRENTLY KNOW ABOUT CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA (CML)?: A REVIEW

Introdução

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is marked by an unregulated growth of myeloid cells, making up 15% of all leukemia cases. This ailment is predominantly observed in individuals aged 40-60, with a minor male preponderance, and is relatively rare in childhood. Patients may present in three disease phases: chronic phase (CP), accelerated phase (AP), and blast phase (BP), or blast crisis (BC), which is characterized by an increased percentage of blasts from the myeloid, lymphoid, or mixed/undifferentiated lineage. Myeloid BC occurs about twice as frequently as lymphoid BC, accounting for approximately 70%. Recent decades have witnessed paradigmatic therapeutic advances in CML, resulting in a significant impact on clinical-translational biomedical research. Patients receiving modern therapies tend to have a life expectancy similar to that of aged-matched controls. Therefore, CML prevalence in the United States is anticipated to surge to 180,000 in 2050, and become the most prevalent myeloid neoplasm. The symptoms of CML are nonspecific and may include fever, fatigue and weight loss, often as a result of anemia and splenomegaly. When the disease progresses to BC, symptoms may worsen and include bone pain and bleeding. However, approximately 50% of CP CML patients do not show any symptoms and might only be diagnosed during routine blood tests.

Objetivo

Conduct an in-depth and comprehensive examination and characterization of scientific literature pertaining to the clinical aspects of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, including but not limited to risk factors, signs and symptoms, prevalence, management strategies, and pathophysiology.

Casuística

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Método

We conducted a thorough analysis and exploration of the scientific literature regarding Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) by scrutinizing articles published between 2007 and 2021 in prominent platforms such as PUBMED, The Lancet and The New England Journal of Medicine. Our search included articles in both Portuguese and English languages using a range of relevant search terms, including "CML," "Chronic Myeloid Leukemia," "clinical diagnosis," "prognosis," "epidemiology," and "treatment." Textbooks were also employed in our search, which helped us to identify additional citations that were relevant to our analysis.

Resultados

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Discussão e conclusões

The importance of research discovered the translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 causing this abnormality, along with the specific genes and implications of this rearrangement. This knowledge led to an extraordinary therapy. Using tyrosine kinase inhibitors improved survival rates so patients now have life expectancies similar to the general population. Nonetheless, there remain unanswered questions and challenges that hinder progress and the ultimate cure of some patients. As a result, CML prevalence in the United States is projected to rise to 180,000 by 2050, making it the most widespread myeloid neoplasm.